In Islam, when you are accused of being a hypocrite, there are times when your life can be put on the line. And these analogies Malcolm used sometimes were funny, but they got home, they hit home. Gene Roberts, New York City Police Department: My name is Gene Roberts and I was assigned by the New York City Police Department to infiltrate Malcolm's organization, report back membership, names, weapons, if any. Wilfred X: I talked to Malcolm about what Philbert had said, and Malcolm said he wasn't surprised. So Malcolm began to see this and then he began to study it himself and prove if there is such a thing as a real devil on this earth, it has to be the white man. Malcolm Jarvis: That's where Malcolm's name and fame started spreading amongst the prison population, and that's when the population started to draw at the debating classes. Susan Bein Collection His compelling story is told through the memories of people who had close personal and working relationships with him: prominent figures such as Maya Angelou, Ossie Davis and Alex Haley; Nation of Islam associates, including Wallace D. Muhammad, the son of Elijah Muhammad; and family members, including his wife, Betty Shabazz, and his oldest daughter, Attallah Shabazz. For some time, he had been studying orthodox Islam. Interview excerpts of Alex Haley, who was a novelist and journalist that began working on The Autobiography of Malcolm X with Malcolm in 1963. Percy Sutton Philbert Little: Where Malcolm came out, he was full of fire. Narrator: The night Malcolm returned from Europe, his family's home was firebombed. Malcolm X: No, the black people in this country have been the victims of violence at the hands of the white man for 400 years, and following the ignorant Negro preachers, we have thought that it was godlike to turn the other cheek to the brute that was brutalizing us. Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities And I was very happy, you know, that I could go because I had not seen him in 24 hours. He said, "They were wrong, but if I send my followers out there to do battle with those people in L.A., either undercover or on top of the cover, they will get slaughtered, and I'm not going to do that." He'd gotten so full of fire that he got out at the right time and the right place so he could expound. 3rd Reporter: He does speak of brotherhood, the brotherhood of all races, colors and so on in the holy land. Everybody was talking about Malcolm. The man has gone insane, absolutely out of his mind. They'd have different thoughts, you know. The goal of Dr. Martin Luther King is to get Negroes to forgive the people who have brutalized them for 400 years by lulling them to sleep and making them forgetting what those whites have done to them. A more simple, secure, and faster web browser than ever, with Google’s smarts built-in. ABOUT. He wanted to exercise the authority, and he did. Besides, you can't be 70 years old and surround yourself by a handful of 16-, 17-, 18-year-old girls and keep your right mind. Narrator: Elijah Muhammad told Malcolm to submit to Allah, but for Malcolm, submission would always be difficult. I'm not ashamed of that. As I say two of the brothers were shot in the back. Who is he to b e equal with? Produced in association with BBC and with the participation of SBS-TV. Madison Davis Lacey Henry Hampton. And she may have been nursing him, 'cause she was at the table, and she fell asleep nursing, holding the baby. We can't let you do that. Earl recruited new members. Narrator: Malcolm did not expect to live another week. I say, "I'm aware of secretaries having that kind of relationship with my father, being there with their children." Cyril Mcguire, Childhood Friend: Lansing was a small town and the west side was the side of town that blacks lived on. In cities across America, police agencies were determined to contain the Black Muslims. Wilfred X: And we would be ignorant, with conditions as they are today for the so-called Negro, to get confused and go to fighting and arguing among ourselves—. I'm just being plain. Philbert X: Ordinarily, I would not suggest the airing of differences between brothers to outsiders and especially over a news media, but because of the grave consequences of recent events, I submit to this medium. We shouldn't be calling ourself "Negroes," or "niggers" and that we were black people and that we should be proud to call ourself black people. ", Ella Collins: Well, I was what they call, "a mad Negro" — I was — and I knew what I was real. Narrator: That night around 11 o'clock, Earl Little was found in an isolated area outside of Lansing, his body almost cut in two by the wheels of a streetcar. Betty Shabazz: Had any threats? And he says, "I'm surprised that you are sitting here and so— many empty seats." [audience applause] The audience will have to be quiet. And so I felt that Malcolm is the person I want to follow. Something went wrong. All it would do is hurt us in our work, in what we were trying to do. To celebrate zKillboard's addition to the Eve Online Partnership Program, we are celebrating by giving out several Astero Scope Syndication YC122 SKINs! NBC News Archives He really gave him an upbraiding. He had already been arrested twice for petty crimes. Improving American Homes Since 1872. They escaped unharmed. Ivanhoe Donaldson Allah has blessed me to visit the holy city of Mecca where I witnessed pilgrims of all colors" — and "all colors" is underlined — "from all parts of this earth displaying a spirit of unity and brotherhood like I've never seen before. And he smiled. All that has to be taken in consideration when you select a man to send before the people. Malcolm X: [laughing] I considered myself Malcolm. He would say, "I am a part of all I have met," and by that he meant that all the things he had done in his earlier life had exposed him to things, and taught him skill of one or another sort, all of which had synthesized into the Malcolm, who became the spokesman for the Nation of Islam. Karl Evanzz We need money for food. Peter Goldman: We were sitting across the street at the Shabazz Frosti Kreem and talking about race relations in America, and Malcolm at one point said, "OK, what's your solution?" My mother was in Lansing at my brother Philbert's. Eleven would be found guilty and sentenced to prison. Eric Nolson You were born in Omaha, is that right? Taku Hirano. So, anyway, I did. Wilfred Little: He was always speaking in terms of Marcus Garvey's way of thinking and trying to get black people to organize themselves, not to cause any trouble, but just to do — to work in unity with each other toward improving their conditions. Magnum Photos Philbert Little: We were all at the house and we had dinner — supper together. Sabrina Perry, Admin. Panelist: Was there any line, any point in the geneology of your family when you did have to use a last name and if so, what was it? The Bureau had been keeping a close watch on the Nation of Islam since the late 1930's. Malcolm X: As Muslims, we believe that separation is the best way and the only sensible way, not integration and— but on the other hand, when we see our people being brutalized by white bigots, white racists, we think that they are foolish to allow themselves to be beaten and brutalized and do nothing whatsoever to protect themselves. Sekou Shepard Narrator: This 1959 documentary was the first television portrayal of the internal activities of the Nation of Islam. Go to the people who don't know who they are, who are lost from the knowledge of themselves and who are strangers in a land that is not theirs. He put it in the mouth of Hamlet, I think, it was, who said, "To be or not to be." The Boston Public Library The girls wouldn't do it. Pathfinder Press DuArt Film and Video, Film Researcher Brilliant features with no BS. He formed the new religious organization called the Muslim Mosque, Incorporated for those who followed him out of the Nation, but Malcolm knew that a rival mosque would be seen as a direct challenge to Elijah Muhammad. He said it was. He said, "I will speak out loud what we've been thinking," and he said, "You'll see. We were organized, we were a structured family. Philbert X: I was surprised to hear that the house had been bombed, but I was not surprised to know or — that it had been done by Muslims, because I know that's the way they fight. And so we saw it on television. Yusuf Shah: Well, as you know, in the Nation, you have all kinds of people, and they have different thoughts. I know what I'm talking about." You don't know what kind of nut sitting around there, thinking that they're doing God's will and all this kind of stuff, and here's a member of his family. Sonia Sanchez, Harlem Activist: He expelled fear for African Americans. Within a month, he was accepted into the Nation of Islam. Malcolm X: Oh, yes. Narrator: Three months after the Littles moved in, white neighbors took legal action to evict them. He talked about the times when he first heard of Elijah Muhammad and the change it made in his life. Peter Goldman: Well, Malcolm, in the spring and early summer of 1964, was in a desperate situation with Nation of Islam and the one weapon he had left was his knowledge of the Messenger's indiscretions with various women who were working for him as secretaries. On an April night in 1957, a Muslim brother was beaten by New York City police. They fired warning shots point-blank at innocent, unarmed defenseless Negroes. Narrator: After his pilgrimage, Malcolm spent three weeks in Africa. Malcolm X: One white man named Lincoln supposedly fought the civil war to solve the race problem and the problem is still here. Announcer: [radio broadcast] Now, at this time, Minister Philbert. We couldn't see them as they are. Narrator: Malcolm began reading history, philosophy and religion, the writings of W.E.B. His people had their leader cut down," and the U.S. government had been involved in doing that. Henry Adebonojo It ended with a full police assault on the Muslim temple. Rachel Harding Malcolm X: Ronald Stokes was not the least among the followers of the Honorable Elijah Muhammad, he was one of the highest. When I got there, I had noticed there were some people already present, and there was three people sitting on the first row. When you say that he has backtracked, it seems as though that you imply you would prefer that he call white people devils and not to call them devils, that he's going in the wrong direction. The other gang members included his friend Malcolm Jarvis, his white girlfriend, Bea, and two other white women. Sure. And I say that he was a Benedict Arnold. Narrator: Louise Little would remain at Kalamazoo for the next 26 years. Charles Craig The next thing I knew, I got a call. Brother Malcolm is dead and there's nothing we can do to bring him back. Malcolm Jarvis, Friend ("Shorty"): I called myself little hustler up in Roxbury in those days. You wanted to do it yourself, didn't you? Minister Woodrow That's Malcolm's great authority over any of his audiences. 8th Reporter: He has told me in the past that he has been having some harassment. The all-white coroner's jury deliberated 23 minutes and found the death a justifiable homicide. 10th Reporter: Do you consider yourself militant? Alex Haley, Biographer: I would be rather taken by a statement he would make of himself. Guadelesa Yusuf Shah: Maybe it was. Interviewer: There were news reports of threats against his life. Narrator: Looking back at that time, Malcolm said only three things worried him: jail, a job and the Army. We put our businesses— the Honorable Elijah Muhammad has set up more businesses than any black man in America. We felt that we should have gotten involved. Ella Collins: There nothing on earth would make me accept assassination, nothing. She had a lot of pride. You don't know what they're liable to do, so for that reason, I wasn't there. I believe from that ppoint on the police dpartment and the political people in New York City began to realize they had a significant force in the city to deal with. But in those days if you did that, you were still considered a troublemaker. Narrator: Malcolm's letters to his followers made news back in America and raised the question: had he changed his position on race? And what he went on to say was, "You have to fight your battles, and it started in the street. Jenny Washington That's not saying — you know we're just as equal with him. These are freedom dollars, Brother. It's not a Negro problem, it's a problem of humanity. They looked upon themselves as human beings, as part of the human family and therefore they looked upon all other segments of the human family as part of that same family. You got to have your best in New York and this is why Mr. Muhammad selected him. Mr. Hurlburt: And you left — your family left Omaha when you were about one year old? James Shabazz: So, well then I — then you wouldn't considered it a backtrack if he stopped calling white people devils, then, would you? Malcolm X: Who taught you to hate the color of your skin? Well, before each time we'd turn the television off, a little sun came in. Prof. William Strickland [weeping] Then someone said, "After all he was anti-Semitic," and I took exception to this, knowing full well he was not. Narrator: Malcolm demanded medical treatment for Hinton. He was dedicated to the uplifting of African-American people. Narrator: The Muslims had scheduled a rally at the Manhattan Center in New York City. One can make an adjustment in one's direction without it being backwards. Malcolm X: We know you are, and the white man should be thankful that God has given the Honorable Elijah Muhammad the control over his followers that he has so that they can play it cool, calm and collected and leave it in the hands of God. She sold. Florentine Baril And I'm sure that anyone seeing police break into a church would be outraged. Our children don't have have this or that or the other." And I don't-- he was not asking me for advice, he was-- he just wanted to sort of put me on the spot for a moment, I think. ", Capt. The charges were later dropped. Narrator: A police commissioner on the scene remarked, "That's too much power for one man to have." I didn't agree with what — all that you said, but I liked some of what you said." He had his hair crockonoed, "conked," you know. Malcolm X: As far as I'm concerned, it's my legal name. Gerald Gill As far as I'm concerned, it may sound a bit weird, but he's alive, very much, and one day I'll get even. Julia Browne Figuereo Jaison Greene Capt. Culver Pictures Benjamin 2X, Nation of Islam: We were people that said, "Never be the aggressor, but if someone attack you, we do not teach you to turn the other cheek." Many considered the police an occupying force. John Henrik Clarke: The rise of African nations concurrent with the spread of the Nation of Islam and the civil rights movement gave black America a burst of pride over and above anything they had had since the decline of the movement of Marcus Garvey. James Baldwin, Author/Activist: When Malcolm talks all the Muslim ministers talk, they articulate for all the Negro people who hear them, who listen to them, they articulate their suffering, the suffering which has been in this country so long denied. White Christians were the ones who were involved in the slave trade— those were Christians. Manning Marable, Researchers Really, he could. He say, "What kind of change you mean?" Bettman Archive He had a article and he brought the— he said, "I'm going to tell you. And I think that had such a profound impact on Malcolm. Benjamin 2x: A lot of us sort of became dissatisfied, because — and Malcolm really became somewhat dissatisfied — he never spoke of it — that we weren't doing anything to help the— our people who were being brutalized by the whites and the police during the civil rights movement. Afro-American Archives Paul Lee Pam Stephens, Prop Manager Dubois, Shakespeare, Socrates, the fables of Aesop, the lives of Gandhi and Nat Turner. Malcolm X: My father didn't know his last name. My father got his last name from his grandfather and his grandfather got it from his grandfather who got it from the slavemaster. Maya Angelou, Author: When Malcolm would ascent the little platform, he didn't — he couldn't talk for the first four of five minutes — the people would be making such a praise-shout to him — and he would stand there, taking his due. Malcolm X: They're passing the basket through the crowd and I think everybody standing here should put one dollar in that basket. "The white man and the black man have to be able to sit down at the same table," he said in his last year. Malcolm and his family lived outside of the city and they had a four-acre parcel with a small house on it, so they were sort of considered as farmers. "No, he wouldn't worry about what happened to him. When you knew the circumstances and the kind of people that you were dealing with, you had to do your own thinking. I never did tell you that we weren't going to lose anyone, but that's the way it is when you're building a nation." He didn't want anybody to exercise authority over his children. Ossie Davis: We were aware or felt that it was somewhat dangerous to be too closely associated to Malcolm. Who taught you to hate the race that you belong to so much so that you don't want to be around each other? Malcolm X: Now, they had a different look or a different air or a different attitude than that which is reflected in the attitude of the man in America who calls himself white. I was certainly privy to the fact that we were being stalked as a family, that the atmosphere surrounding the house, the cars that would be parked, faces that were familiar to me once upon a time — their attitudes had changed. In 1965, under attack from the Nation of Islam and under surveillance by the FBI, Malcolm X was assassinated while delivering a speech. They knew Malcolm and loved Malcolm and remained loyal to Malcolm long after that split. It is truly a sight to behold. He was both loved and despised, revered and feared — until an assassin's bullet cut him down at age 39. But once you let them become integrated, it gets cool." He was speaking for himself and not Muslims in general. Chief Parker knows this, Mayor Yorty knows this and every police official in the city knows that. Louise wrote for the Garvey newspaper. And the fire hit the window and it woke up my second oldest baby. And I guess maybe he thought I wouldn't know who it was, so in parentheses, he has "Malcolm X.". Asst. Elijah Muhammad: I don't know — I don't have any knowledge of anyone trying to kill Malcolm. We're not brutalized because we are Methodists. Malcolm X: And you're ready to do something about it, aren't you? Total Value: 28,645,377,875.58 ISK We were opening restaurants and grocery stores and seeing Muhammad Speaks paper compete with other black papers. All you have to do for a chance to win is login! I remember turning in that kitchen and screaming. Malcolm would later take New York City to court and win the largest police brutality settlement in the city's history. He would be going to the so-called American negro. He says, first of all, that he had arrived early, but because he was ahead of time, he'd driven around the block a couple of times. And then he relates it to a cup of coffee that is hot and as soon as you water it— put the milk in it, it cools down. Ralph Richard Destin If they wanted bootleg whiskey, he knew where to get it. The police know the criminal operation of the Black Muslim movement because they have thoroughly infiltrated. Peter Goldman: Well, we were doing a lot of Kennedy stories and there was going to be a little one talking about Malcolm having been suspended. I found it difficult to credit when I saw it. He said he wasn't surprised at the things that Philbert had said in the paper and all, and that he was angry that Philbert would do that, but he wasn't surprised at it. Russell Williams II, Additional Camera Had a beautiful sense of humor, plus the fact that when you got to know him, he was kind of shy. Maceo Bishop I knew that when they laughed all together, they were laughing at, "Look what we did. You and I have to be right there, breathing down their throat. Joseph X: Well, he was changed, changed from religious talks to nationalistic talk to the point where I told him — meaning Malcolm — that I listened to him when he first started and I listened to him now and that I hear a change. That man is saying stuff you ain't supposed to hear," so of course we did. But the masses of black people in America today don't go for what Martin Luther King is putting down. They tried to get six of us Sunday morning and the pattern has developed across the country. Malcolm X: Right at ringside. Once again, A. Phillip Randolph were there, Whitney Young was there, Dorothy Hieght was there. —'cause I was a sick man, That right. Alice Windom They told Malcolm they were now a part of the Nation of Islam, followers of the Honorable Elijah Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah. John Henrik Clarke, Friend/Historian: He was saying something over and above that of any other leader of that day. Is that right or wrong? And I felt, you know, the pain of her being gone every day, and it was only going to be a couple of weeks, you know. Abdul Aziz Omar We want to make them— we want to make them pass the strongest civil rights bill they've ever passed, because we know even after they pass it they can't enforce it. He just fell straight back. Why your skin look like gold beside his skin. Narrator: The Nation of Islam, with its interlocking corporations, was now reputed to be the largest black-owned business empire in the United States. ( GoonWaffe ) lost their Nyx in YZ9-F6 ( Delve ) the arts and was malcolm xa conservativeflydubai ok to board online... Get — she got jobs part of the Saudi royal family helped him gain entry to the ground,. Earl, do n't want to follow climate within the Nation of Islam 's circle! Accused them of converting the Nation 's representative, Captain joseph, inspected the scene not reject goals. 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