Moreover, Henry Tudor’s faith becomes obvious at his death: the king had requested ten-thousand masses for his soul. Although supported by Lancastrians and Yorkists alienated by Richard III's deposition of his nephew, Edward V, Henry VII's first task was to secure his position. His first chance came in 1483 when his aid was sought to rally Lancastrians in support of the rebellion of Henry Stafford, duke of Buckingham, but that revolt was defeated before Henry could land in England. As a person born on this date, Henry VII of England is listed in our database as the 11th most popular celebrity for the day (January 28). 0%. Richard III was one of England’s most unpopular kings, and he was accused of being involved in the murder of the two sons of his brother Edward IV of England (r. 1461-70 & 1471-83 CE) who disappeared from the Tower of London. A contemporary observer described him thus: 'he speaks good French, Latin and Spanish; is very religious; heard He was the son of Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond (father) and Lady Margaret Beaufort (mother). Henry married Elizabeth of York (b. Henry was born in Winchester Castle on 1 October 1207. 1466 CE), daughter of Edward IV of England(r. 1461-70 & 1471-83 C… "Queen Katherine: Though I love Your Majesty and I'm loyal to you, in every way, I cannot disguise my distress and unhappiness. The first rising, that of Lord Lovell, Richard III’s chamberlain, in 1486 was ill-prepared and unimportant, but in 1487 came the much more serious revolt of Lambert Simnel. Henry VII declared himself king by just title of inheritance and by the judgment of God in battle, after slaying Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. Henry VII (1457–1509) came to the English throne in 1485 after defeating Richard III in battle. Henry VII and Henry VIII. Henry VIII was born at Greenwich on 28 June 1491, the second son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Finally, Henry formed an alliance with the Holy Roman Empire under Maximilian I. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Yorkist malcontents had strength in the north of England and in Ireland and had a powerful ally in Richard III’s sister Margaret, dowager duchess of Burgundy. Derby) Married 1: Elizabeth PLANTAGENET (Queen of England) 18 Jan 1486, Westminster Abbey, London, England. Claiming the throne by just title of inheritance and by the judgment of God in battle, he was crowned on October 30 and secured parliamentary recognition of his title early in November. With this in mind, in 1485, Henry formed a personal bodyguard from his followers known as the 'Yeomen of the Guard' (the oldest military corps in existence today). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). What Henry wanted to achieve was the right balance – fair to his people and harsh to those who challenged him. He first appears in the records in 1465 in the household of Margaret Beaufort and Henry Stafford, her second husband. She was her … It was not until 1506, when he imprisoned Suffolk in the Tower of London, that Henry could at last feel safe. He was English by natinoanliy. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In his youth he was athletic and highly intelligent. This article about a political figure is a stub . Then in 1491 appeared a still more serious menace: Perkin Warbeck, coached by Margaret to impersonate Richard, the younger son of Edward IV. 1 STAR. He was born on January 28, 1457 at Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales. Father: Edmund TUDOR (E. Richmond) Mother: Margaret BEAUFORT (C. Richmond/C. Henry used dynastic royal marriages to establish his dynasty in England and help maintain peace. He was a glamorous 'Renaissance Prince' and wanted to be the greatest king England ever had. Henry VII of England was a famous King of England, who was born on January 28, 1457. Professor of Medieval History, University of Liverpool, 1967–80. Omissions? Henry VII (r. 1485-1509) Henry VII was the founder of the Tudor dynasty, unifying the warring factions in the Wars of the Roses. In 1485 Henry landed at Milford Haven in Wales and advanced toward London. During the reign of Henry VII, England was a Catholic nation, and also his son Henry VIII, continued along his father’s Catholic footsteps (in fact, although Henry VIII will be responsible for the Reformation in England, he nonetheless detested Protestantism, and had strong Catholic values). The king was above all interested in the Church’s wealth, and regarded it as a ‘source of revenue’: Henry … Henry was the third child and second son of Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York. She was also a major patron and cultural benefactor during her son’s reign, initiating an era of extensive Tudor patronage. Before taking the throne, he was known as Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond. Henry IV had confirmed Richard II’s legitimation (1397) of the children of this union but had specifically excluded the Beauforts from any claim to the throne (1407). He founded the Tudor dynasty by winning the battle of Bosworth Field in … 100%. In this he was supported by his chancellor, Archbishop John Morton, whose " Morton's Fork" (the two "tines" of which being: "If the subject is seen to live frugally, tell him because he is clearly a money saver of great ability … The War of the Roses had shown Henry that by and large the people of England were prone to obedience when government was seen as just and prone to violence when pushed to it. Supported at one time or another by France, by Maximilian I of Austria, regent of the Netherlands (Holy Roman emperor from 1493), by James IV of Scotland, and by powerful men in both Ireland and England, Perkin three times invaded England before he was captured at Beaulieu in Hampshire in 1497. - Henry VIII of England The house of York then appeared so firmly established that Henry seemed likely to remain in exile for the rest of his life. This was a belief in the divine right of kings to rule as they saw fit, without having to answer to nobles, church, or Parliament. St James's Palace was built by Henry VIII on the site of the Hospital of St. James, Westminster between 1531 and 1536. When he died, his only surviving son, Henry VIII, succeeded him without a breath of opposition. Hence, the king was plagued with conspiracies until nearly the end of his reign. He was Kings (King of England) by profession. In 1486 he married Elizabeth of York, eldest daughter of Edward IV, thus uniting the Houses of York and Lancaster but making sure that the evidence adduced in 1483 for the illegitimacy of Edward IV's children was suppressed. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. This was the last battle in the Wars of the Roses, between the rival Houses of Lancaster and York. H enry was born just before the first battle in the Wars of the Roses. During the early years of his reign, Henry had to deal with several rebellions. By marrying Elizabeth of York, he united the two Houses. Henry VII was a fiscally prudent monarch who restored the fortunes of an effectively bankrupt exchequer (Edward IV's treasury had been emptied by his wife's Woodville relations after his death and before the accession of Richard III) by introducing ruthlessly efficient mechanisms of taxation. Henry VIII (June 28, 1491 – January 28, 1547) was King of England and Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) from April 22, 1509, until his death. You can help Wikiquote by expanding it . 0%. A successful trade policy that led to expansion abroad could only make England more wealthy and Henry knew that if he had more wealth, he could use it to expand his own power – especially in the years immediately after 1485 when his position was precarious. Richard, having eliminated his nephews, made himself king in 1483 CE. Arthur’s death partially led to his mother’s demise. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. He travelled on their behalf, managing their estates and legal affairs. He was the second monarch of the Tudor dynasty, succeeding his father, Henry VII of England. Corrections? The rebels were defeated (June 1487) in a hard-fought battle at Stoke (East Stoke, near Newark in Nottinghamshire), where the doubtful loyalty of some of the royal troops was reminiscent of Richard III’s difficulties at Bosworth. Claiming to be Edward, earl of Warwick, the son of Richard III’s elder brother, George, duke of Clarence, he had the formidable support of John de la Pole, earl of Lincoln, Richard III’s heir designate, of many Irish chieftains, and of 2,000 German mercenaries paid for by Margaret of Burgundy. By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Died: 21 Apr 1509, Richmond Palace, Richmond, Surrey, England. Henry was also worried by the treason of Edmund de la Pole, earl of Suffolk, the eldest surviving son of Edward IV’s sister Elizabeth, who fled to the Netherlands (1499) and was supported by Maximilian. Children: 1. Bray was from Worcestershire, the son of a gentleman surgeon. His mother, Lady Margaret Beaufort, who was no more than thirteen at his birth, was a great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, and second cousin of the half-blood to the King, Henry VI. Henry won the throne when his forces defeated Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field. Henry VIII became king in 1509. King Henry VIII (1491-1547) ruled England for 36 years, presiding over sweeping changes that brought his nation into the Protestant Reformation. The House of Lancaster had finally defeated the House of York but Henry, crowned Henry VII of England in October 1485 CE, was intent on creating a brand new ruling house: the Tudors. Thanks largely to the desertion of his stepfather, Lord Stanley, to him, he defeated and slew Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth on August 22, 1485. Henry Tudor was born on June 28, 1491, at the royal residence, Greenwich Palace, in Greenwich, London, England. Author of. 5 STAR. He was crowned on October 30 and secured parliamentary recognition of his title early in November. Henry VII equated overseas trade with an extension of his power. Tudor … Henry VII (January 28 1457 – April 21 1509) was a king of England, and the first monarch of the Tudor dynasty. Henry VII began the move towards royal absolutism. Doubtless the plotters were encouraged by the deaths of Henry’s sons in 1500 and 1502 and of his wife in 1503. Henry VII of England real name was Henry VII. Many influential Yorkists had been dispossessed and disappointed by the change of regime, and there had been so many reversals of fortune within living memory that the decision of Bosworth did not appear necessarily final. He was frugal to the point of parsimony. Henry spent money shrewdly and left a full treasury on his death in 1509, he was succeeded by his son, Henry VIII. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. When the Lancastrian cause crashed to disaster at the Battle of Tewkesbury (May 1471), Jasper took the boy out of the country and sought refuge in the duchy of Brittany. Ridley describes it as ‘so unsatisfactory that he and his supporters never clearly stated what it was’. Having established his claim to be king in his own right, he married Elizabeth of York on January 18, 1486. The Tudor king Henry VII was descended in direct male succession from Ednyfed Fychan, seneschal (steward) of Llywelyn the Great. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Henry VI (6 December 1421 - 21 May 1471) was King of England upon the death of Henry V on 31 August 1422 to 1461 and then from 1470 to 21 May 1471. Henry’s throne, however, was far from secure. Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, England—died January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509–47) who presided over the beginnings of the … He was initially looked after by a wet nurse called Ellen in the south of England, away from John's itinerant court, and probably had close ties to his mother. Little co-operation between King and Parliament was required; during Henry's reign of 24 years, seven Parliaments sat for some ten and a half months. Updates? Ultimately, this marriage would unite England and Scotland when King Henry VII’s great-great-grandson King James VI of Scotland succeeded King Henry VII’s granddaughter Queen Elizabeth I of England. His father had left him lots of money. 3 STAR. USER RATING FOR HENRY VII OF ENGLAND . Henry VIII, King of England and his six wives We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. in 1475, he married Katherine Hussey, then 13. Henry VII knew that at the start of his reign he was in a tenuous position. People born on January 28 fall under the Zodiac sign of Aquarius, the Water Bearer. Henry VII was the founder of the Tudor dynasty, unifying the warring factions in the Wars of the Roses. He received an excellent education, becoming fluent in Latin, French, and Spanish, and was destined for a senior role in the Church. Henry’s claim to the throne was ‘embarrassingly slender’ and suffered from a fundamental weakness of position. Notes: Burke says he died 1 Apr 1509 and was born 26 Jul 1455. … His father was the son of Owen Tudor, a Welsh squire, and Catherine of France, the widow of King Henry V. His mother was the great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, whose children by Catherine Swynford were born before he married her. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-VII-king-of-England, English Monarchs - Biography of Henry VII, Henry VII - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Henry VII - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Henry strengthened the power of the monarchy by using traditional methods of government to tighten royal administration and increase revenues (reportedly including a daily examination of accounts). Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. With her son crowned Henry VII of England, Beaufort wielded a considerable degree of political influence and personal autonomy – both unusual for a woman of her time. Henry Tudor had defeated and killed Richard III of England (r. 1483-1485 CE) at the Battle of Bosworth in August 1485 CE in the last major action of England’s dynastic dispute known as the Wars of the Roses (1455-1487 CE). Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. Henry and Elizabeth were prostrate with grief at … … Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Best Henry VIII of England Quotes. Henry belonged to the house of Lancaster. Henry VII, also called (1457–85) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales—died April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (1485–1509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty. Henry VII of England Here are seven things you might not know about the first Tudor monarch: As the second son of the monarch, he was made Duke of York in 1494. To unite the opponents of Richard III, Henry had promised to marry Elizabeth of York, eldest daughter of Edward IV; and the coalition of Yorkists and Lancastrians continued, helped by French support, since Richard III talked of invading France. Henry was born on 28 January 1457 CE in Pembroke Castle, the son … Royal income rose from an annual average of £52,000 to £142,000 by the end of Henry's reign. "Henry VII (Welsh: Harri Tudur; 28 January 1457 – 21 April 1509) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizing the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509, as the first monarch of the House of Tudor. This, of course, was only Lancastrian claim, never valid, even as such, till the direct male line of John of Gaunt had become extinct. Whatever else he was, Henry was an able and active administrator. Henry VIII had become heir to the throne when his elder brother, Arthur, died in 1502. The usurpation of Richard III (1483), however, split the Yorkist party and gave Henry his opportunity. He was the eldest son of King John and Isabella of Angoulême. Henry VII, also called (1457–85) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Wales—died April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (1485–1509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty. Henry VII or Henry Tudor (28 January 1457–21 April 1509) was King of England from 1485 to 1509. Buried: Henry VII Chapel, Westminster Abbey, London, England. His reign would be short and troubled; it was brought to an end by the rise of Henry Tudor, at the time better known as Henry, Earl of Richmond. He was also the King of France from 1422 to 1453. All the powers of Europe doubted Henry’s ability to survive, and most were willing to shelter claimants against him. Henry VII is known for successfully ending the War of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and for founding the Tudor dynasty. Henry VII was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII. KING HENRY VII, of England, was the first of the Tudor dynasty.His claim to the throne was through his mother, Margaret Beaufort, from John of Gaunt and Catherine Swynford, whose issue born before their marriage had been legitimated by parliament. Henry, recognizing that Simnel had been a mere dupe, employed him in the royal kitchens. King Henry VIII: Well, you're going to have to." He became heir to the throne on the death of his elder brother, Prince Arthur, in 1502 and succeeded in 1509. The son of Henry VII of England and Elizabeth York, Henry VIII … Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. Although supported by Lancastrians and Yorkists alienated by Richard III's deposition of his nephew, Edward V, Henry VII's first task was to secure his position. Henry Tudor’s claim to the throne was, therefore, weak and of no importance until the deaths in 1471 of Henry VI’s only son, Edward, of his own two remaining kinsmen of the Beaufort line, and of Henry VI himself, which suddenly made Henry Tudor the sole surviving male with any ancestral claim to the house of Lancaster. Little is known of Henry's early life. Henry's reign (1485-1509) was troubled by revolts, sometimes involving pretenders (such as Perkin Warbeck and Lambert Simnel) who impersonated Edward V or his brother. As his mother was only 14 when he was born and soon married again, Henry was brought up by his uncle Jasper Tudor, earl of Pembroke. Henry VIII might be recorded in history as “Great’, however, if anyone considers the others he shared his life with and/at the same time in England, the conclusion could only be that he was a psychopathic murderer with a huge dollop of narcissim thrown in for good measure. Henry VII in seven facts Overshadowed by his son and granddaughter, Henry VIII and Elizabeth I, Henry VII is often an afterthought of Tudor history, and yet without him one of the most famous dynasties in British history would never have existed. Henry’s ancestor had provided the same services to … 0%. Henry, son of Edmund Tudor, earl of Richmond, and Margaret Beaufort, was born nearly three months after his father’s death. One daughter, Margaret, was married to James IV of Scotland (from whom Mary, Queen of Scots and her son, James VI of Scotland and James I of England, were descended); the other daughter married Louis IX of France. 2 STAR. 4 STAR. Mother: Margaret Beaufort ( mother ) in 1509, recognizing that Simnel had a... Henry wanted to achieve was the right balance – fair to his people and to! Kings ( king of England of Henry 's reign s reign, initiating era... The end of his reign was plagued with conspiracies until nearly the of. 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