Corrections? Johnston already had an eventful military career by the time his home state seceded from the Union. Your tax-deductible gift will help us to preserve this irreplaceable twice-hallowed ground at Gaines' Mill and Cold Harbor — forever. But his Civil War career was a definite disappointment to the Confederacy. At the outbreak of the Civil War, Johnston was the commander of the U.S. Army Department of the Pacific in California. His journey finally ended in 1867 when his remains were taken to the State Cemetery in Austin, Texas. In February 1862, US Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and Flag Officer A.H. Foote captured Fort Henry (on the Tennessee River). Smith, 188. Some historians argue that the Confederacy would have been more successful in the West with Johnston in command. Johnston was stationed in San Francisco when Texas seceded from the Union in January 1861. Albert Sidney Johnston, Jr. was killed in the boiler explosion of the "Ada Hancock" a steam tender that was ferrying passengers out the "Senator" in deeper waters which took people up and down the Coast. In 1836, following the outbreak of the Texas war for independence, Johnston enlisted as a private in the Texan army. Albert Sidney Johnston (1802-1862) December 4, 2020 December 29, 2020 Cassidy Born in Washington, Kentucky in 1803, Albert Sidney Johnston attended Transylvania University before graduating from the U. S. Military Academy in 1826. He embarked upon an arduous overland journey to Richmond, Virginia, which captured the imagination of the Southern press and populace. His battlefield death was considered an irreparable loss by the South. The monument here marks the site where the Confederate commander, Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston, was found mortally wounded at 2 p.m. on April 6. He held a line of defense from Kentucky’s Cumberland Gap to the town of Columbus. Sign up to receive email updates about our Warrior Legacy programming for veterans, active duty military and their families. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. He attended Transylvania University and the United States Military Academy at … Albert Sidney Johnston Camp #67 hosted this event. Meanwhile, Grant’s army was stationed at Pittsburg Landing. Advanced embedding details, examples, and help! His father, who enjoyed a successful practice as one of the area’s few physicians, had relocated his family there from New England. He was preceded in death by his parents, Albert Sidney Johnston … Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Albert-Sidney-Johnston, The Ohio State University - ehistory - Biography of Albert Sidney Johnston, Texas State Historical Association - The Handbook of Texas Online - Biography of Albert Sidney Johnston, American Battlefield Trust - Biography of Albert Sidney Johnston, Albert Sidney Johnston - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Please note that the locations and events listed on our itineraries do not reflect any potential closures due to COVID-19. 796 likes. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, Help Save 110 Acres at Three Civil War Battlefields, Preserve 108 Acres of the Most Important Unprotected Battlefield Land, Kentuckians: Support Battlefield Preservation Legislation, Virginians: Support Battlefield Preservation Legislation. He was the highest-ranking soldier to die in battle during the war. Sons of Confederate Veterans Camp 2048, General Albert Sidney Johnston, Tehachapi/Bakersfield, California We are the California Flaggers. Albert Sidney Johnston, (born February 2, 1803, Washington, Kentucky, U.S.—died April 6, 1862, Shiloh, Tennessee), commander of the Confederate forces in the Western theatre during the early stages of the American Civil War (1861–65). Beauregard, who decided to call off the day’s attack. Robert L. Glaze is a PhD candidate in American history at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville. Johnston promptly moved to establish a defensive line to protect the Confederacy’s heartland; however, he was in an unenviable position. The American Confederate general Albert Sidney Johnston was born at Washington, Mason county, Kentucky, on the 2nd of February 1803. Albert Sidney Johnston, (born February 2, 1803, Washington, Kentucky, U.S.—died April 6, 1862, Shiloh, Tennessee), commander of the Confederate forces in the Western theatre during the early stages of the American Civil War (1861–65). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). These losses led to massive retreats by the Confederate forces and to the fall of Nashville, demoralizing the South. Johnston married Henrietta Preston in 1829. In 1837, Albert Sidney Johnston survived a duel against Texas Brigadier General Felix Huston. Consequently, a series of lost battles caused Johnston’s line to weaken before breaking altogether. In 1821–22 Johnston altered his career path from medicine to the military and gained appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point, where he befriended future Confederate president Jefferson Davis. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Despite these Yankee roots, Johnston would become a thoroughly southern man. Omissions? Albert Sidney Johnston (1803-1862) At the beginning of the Civil War it was almost universally agreed that the finest soldier, North or South, was Albert Sidney Johnston. He fought in the Black Hawk War, the Texas Revolution, and the Mexican-American War, and in actions against the Mormons in Utah and Native Americans in northern Texas. Albert Sidney Johnston was considered to be the greatest soldier in the country at the outbreak of the American Civil War. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 53,000 acres in 24 states! Around 2:30 pm, while leading a charge against a Union position, Johnston was shot—most likely accidentally by a Confederate—in the right leg, severing an artery. He arrived in Richmond in September, and his long-time friend, Jefferson Davis, made him a full general and commander of the Western Department. In 1861 he joined the Confederate army as a general and was killed the following year at the Battle of Shiloh. Albert Sidney Johnston, Jr. was killed in the boiler explosion of the "Ada Hancock" a steam tender that was ferrying passengers out the "Senator" in deeper waters which took people up and down the Coast. Johnston has the unfortunate distinction of being the highest ranking general – on either side – killed during the Civil War. Johnston’s death was greeted with universal regret in the Confederacy—despite his recently weakened reputation. Smith, 188. He holds degrees in history from Kennesaw State University (B.A.) flag. Daniel, 226. In 1867 his remains were moved to the State Cemetery in Austin, Texas. He died on April 6, 1862. He attended Transylvania University before he entered the United States Military Academy at West Point, from which he graduated in June 1826. Davis immediately commissioned him a full general and placed him in command of the Western theatre (Confederate Department No. The Hornet’s Nest, just north of this point, saw the bloodiest fighting. Johnston grew up in the small but thriving frontier town of Washington, Kentucky. Beauregard - came Albert Sidney Johnston, a veteran of the Black Hawk and Mexican wars, one-time commanding general of the army of the Republic of Texas, and most recently commander of the U.S. Army's Department of the Pacific in far-off San Francisco. Sidney Johnston In The Civil War The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. To avoid any confusion, I want to note I am talking about Albert Sidney Johnston here, not Joseph Johnston. Johnston impressed people with his intelligence and demeanor, and, consequently, he managed to climb the ranks rapidly. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. Johnston initially enrolled at Transylvania University in Lexington, Kentucky, and he later attended West Point. Albert Sidney Johnston, SCV Camp 2048, Tehachapi, Ca. EMBED. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Johnston has the unfortunate distinction of being the highest ranking general – on either side – killed during the Civil War. Unfortunately, the effects of his wound probably contributed to his death at the Battle of Shiloh in 1862. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. It was accepted by the War Department on May 6, 1861, effective May 3. Albert Sidney Johnston (1803-1862) - Born 2 Feb 1803, Washington, Kentucky. When he arrived in Virginia in September, Johnston was considered by many—including Confederate President Davis—to be the greatest soldier in the country. There he was a conscientious student. EMBED (for wordpress.com hosted blogs and archive.org item tags) Want more? Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. Johnston intended to attack Grant on April 5, 1862, but he was held back by heavy rains. Albert Sidney Johnston bled to death after being shot in the leg during the Battle of Shiloh. One of the things that he’s most known for was that he was a general in the Confederate Army. Daniel, 217. Updates? [For more on the impact of Albert Sidney Johnston’s death, read Greg Mertz’s essay “Defeated Victory: Albert Sidney Johnston’s Death at Shiloh” in Turning Points of the American Civil War, part of the “Engaging the Civil War” Series.] Accompanied by the Los Angeles Mounted Rifles, Johnston began a lengthy, dangerous journey across the desert in June. Believing that his presence at the front would spur soldiers’ morale, Johnston was in the thick of the fighting on April 6. It is unclear how Albert Sidney Johnston would have commanded Confederate forces if had he survived the Battle of Shiloh. Stay up-to-date on the Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. The Battle of Shiloh as depicted in a chromolithograph by Thure de Thulstrup, c. 1888. Like many regular army officers from the South he was opposed to secession, but resigned his commission soon after he heard of the secession of his adopted state Texas. He saw extensive combat during his military career, fighting actions in the Texas War of Independence, the Mexican-American War, the Utah War, as well as the American Civil War. We suggest checking online or calling ahead as you plan your visits. Conscious of the desperate situation of his command—while also aware of his plummeting popularity among Southern civilians and in the press—Johnston ordered most of his forces to assemble at Corinth, Mississippi, to prepare for a counterstrike against Grant. Once again he excelled in his studies, graduating eighth in a class of 41 cadets in 1826. His Army attacked on April 6, near Shiloh Church. 243. The Kentucky-born Johnston was appointed to West Point from Louisiana and graduated eighth in the class of 1826. Born in Kentucky in 1803, Johnston had already led an eventful military career by the … He was the highest-ranking soldier on either side to die in battle during the war. His forces moved to Corinth, MS, where they joined General P.G.T. He was most likely shot accidentally by a fellow Confederate soldier. After serving as a staff officer in the Black Hawk War (1832), he left the army in 1834 to care for his wife, who was dying of tuberculosis. That afternoon, Johnston ordered his reserves to go into action and advance on the right flank in an attempt to drive a wedge between the Federal troops and their base of supplies at Pittsburg Landing. No_Favorite. As such, the Union controlled both rivers and Johnston’s defensive line became impossible to hold. He quickly bled to death, and command passed down to Gen. P.G.T. Died 6 Apr 1862 at the Battle of Shiloh.. Albert Sidney Johnston was a West Point graduate who fought in five major conflicts and lost his life at Shiloh in the U.S. Civil War.Between conflicts he returned to civilian life and his family. Albert Sidney Johnston was born in Washington, Kentucky, on 2 February 1803. Grant then proceeded to capture Fort Donelson (on the Cumberland River). Albert Sidney Johnston, soldier of three republics Item Preview > remove-circle Share or Embed This Item. Because he’d suffered nerve damage from his dueling wound, he didn’t realize the severity of his injury until his boot filled with blood. share. He was short on troops and supplies; the wide, vulnerable stretch of geography under his protection was better suited to invasion than defense; and many of his subordinates were men promoted beyond their abilities. Still, he stayed at his post until his successor arrived. Sidney Johnston summary: Albert Sidney Johnston was born in Kentucky in 1813. Sign up to receive emails with our resources for educators to support their work – in the classroom and online. As was the case with most Southerners, Johnston’s loyalty to his state trumped his devotion to his country, and he resigned his commission in April 1861. He attended Transylvania University before he entered the United States Military Academy at West Point, from which he graduated in June 1826. Next in order - above Robert E. Lee, Joseph E. Johnston, and P.G.T. Albert Sidney Johnston: Soldier of Three Republics. The Confederates were defeated at Mill Springs, Kentucky (January 19, 1862), and at the Battle of Fort Henry, in Tennessee (February 6). While it is unclear how Johnston would have commanded had he survived Shiloh, some contemporaries and historians argue that the South’s war effort in the West would have been more successful with Johnston in command. Johnston was shot in the leg when he rode too far ahead of his troops. Historical – Educational Benevolent – Memorial Patriotic Chartered May 27,1932, The Albert Sidney Johnston 2060 Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy is part of District VI (San Antonio area) in the Texas Division, with General Headquarters in Richmond, VA. [4] Albert Sidney Johnston to Major Fitz-John Porter, Feb. 25, 1861 in The Life of Albert Sidney Johnston, Comprising His Services in the Armies of the United States, the Republic of Texas, and the Confederate States. Beauregard. Albert Sidney Johnston, Confederate general, son of John and Abigail (Harris) Johnston, was born at Washington, Kentucky, on February 2, 1803. Smith, 139. Albert Sidney Johnston (February 2, 1803 – April 6, 1862) was a career United States Army officer, a Texas Army general, and a Confederate States general. He quickly rose through the ranks and was named the army’s commander with the rank of brigadier general (though he was prevented from actually taking command as a result of injuries sustained in a duel). Albert Sidney Johnston Bayless, G W - Page 3 Part II - Complete Alphabetical List of Commission… Waul, Thomas N - Page 54 Johnston, Albert Sidney - Page 1 Baxter, John - Page 36 Scurry, R - Page 4 Albert Sidney Johnston Monument at Shiloh 1627 - A.S. Johnston - Page 1 Johnston tomb.jpg Johnston tomb, Texas.jpg Confederate soldier & United Confederate Veteran.g… Despite some initial confusion among his forces, Johnston was able to surprise Grant’s army at Pittsburg Landing, ushering in the Battle of Shiloh (April 6–7). Every purchase supports the mission. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. Though considered at the outset of the war as one of the most promising commanders, North or South, Albert Sidney Johnston's service was brief and his vast potential unrealized. He was first buried on the Fair Oaks Ranch, in current Altadena, but was moved to Rosedale 30 APR 1888. He graduated from West Point in 1826, and served for eight years in the U.S. infantry as a company officer, adjutant, and staff officer. Johnston initially enrolled at Transylvania University in Lexington, Kentucky, and he … On April 28 he moved to Los Angeles where he had family and remained there until May when, suspected by local Union authorities, he evaded arrest and jo… After Texas became part of the United States, Johnston returned to the U.S. Army and in 1855 was appointed commanding officer of the 2nd U.S. Cavalry Regiment. He was educated at Transylvania University and then at West Point, where he graduated in 1826. He fought in the Texas Revolution. He resigned on April 9, 1861, when his home state of Texas seceded from the Union. Since 1920, the Texas Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans, has held annual meeting in Houston in 1928, 1931, 1941, 1968, and 1998 all of which have been hosted by Albert Sidney Johnston Camp #67. He quickly bled to death on the battlefield. Smith, 73. Albert Sidney Johnston was born in Kentucky in 1803, the son of a practicing doctor who originally hailed from New England. His battlefield death … Little_Nemo: He didn’t have a chance to really show his stuff as he was killed in the first major battle he fought in the Civil War. The Confederacy’s position in the Western theatre continued to deteriorate in the remaining years of the war. Serving in this unit were a number of Johnston’s future Civil War compatriots (including Robert E. Lee and William J. Hardee) and opponents (notably George Thomas). In 1838 Johnston became the secretary of war for the fledgling Republic of Texas, and during the Mexican-American War (1846–48) he commanded Texas volunteers. Johnston was buried temporarily in New Orleans. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Daniel, 128. On December 21, 1860, Johnston took command of the Department of the Pacific. The first day of the battle went in favour of the Rebels, who appeared to be on the cusp of a great victory. Later, they both attend the United States Military Academy. Johnston considered Texas his home for the rest of his life. After Albert Sidney Johnston was killed during the Battle of Shiloh in 1862, he was buried in New Orleans. In 1837, Albert Sidney Johnston survived a duel against Texas Brigadier General Felix Huston. and the University of West Georgia... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Although his reputation was waning in the Confederacy, his death was considered by many Southerners a significant loss to their war effort. More disastrously, a Rebel force of about 18,000 was defeated by Union troops under Gen. Ulysses S. Grant at the Battle of Fort Donelson (February 13–16). Albert Sidney Johnston had a home here for a while in Austin. It is said that he had a tourniquet in his pocket when he died. (Austin; University of Texas Press, 1964), pg. Albert Sidney Johnston Landers, Jr., 92, of Dalton, passed away on March 29, 2021, peacefully in his sleep at his home. Johnston also led U.S. forces in a nearly bloodless campaign against the Mormons in the so-called Utah War (1857–58) before being breveted a brigadier general and given command of the Department of the Pacific. He was successful, at first, in pushing Gen. William T. Sherman’s men back to an area called the Crossroads. Albert Sidney Johnston was born in Kentucky in 1803, the son of a practicing doctor who originally hailed from New England. After studying at private schools, Johnston matriculated at age 15 in nearby Lexington at Transylvania University, which operated one of the foremost medical schools in the country before the Civil War. Tamerlane November 18, 2020, 6:42am #2. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Johnston wanted this attack under way before Grant could link with another Union army under Gen. Don Carlos Buell. That night Buell arrived to reinforce Grant, and the next morning the battle swung in the Union’s favour. Johnston was on the battlefield to rally his troops’ morale. Albert Sidney Johnston, Confederate general, U. S. Army colonel and paymaster, brigadier general and Secretary of War for the Republic of Texas, was born at Washington, Kentucky, February 2, 1803. 2), an immense territory stretching from the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River. Albert Sidney Johnston, Confederate general, son of John and Abigail (Harris) Johnston, was born at Washington, Kentucky, on February 2, 1803. He was first buried on the Fair Oaks Ranch, in current Altadena, but was moved to Rosedale 30 APR 1888. Memorial for Albert Sidney Johnston at Fold3.com - Albert Sidney Johnston (February 2, 1803 – April 6, 1862) served as a general in three different armies: the Texas Army, the United States Army, and the Confederate States Army. Despite these Yankee roots, Johnston would become a thoroughly southern man. One of the many lasting impacts of the Battle of Shiloh was the death of Confederate Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston, the highest ranking officer — on either side — killed during the war. A Kentucky native, General Albert Sidney Johnston was a notable Confederate commander during the early months of the Civil War.After graduating from West Point in 1826, he later moved to Texas and joined the Texas Army where he acted as aide-de-camp to General Sam Houston. Unfortunately, the effects of his wound probably contributed to his death at the Battle of Shiloh in 1862. He attended Transylvania University in Lexington, where he first met the future Confederate President Jefferson Davis. If these two armies united, Johnston would be drastically outnumbered.

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